If you mean the ducts in your home, the US EPA has a lengthy article about it at: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/airduct.html
It is quite balanced, yet they do say, "Duct cleaning has never been shown to actually prevent health problems ... EPA does not recommend that air ducts be cleaned except on an as-needed basis because of the continuing uncertainty about the benefits of duct cleaning under most circumstances. "